Connective Tissue

connectedness Tissue Characteristics of connective tissues Extra jail cellular matrix separates cells Most widely variable of tissues Many varied functions Common (mesenchyme) origin Degrees of vascularity Functions Binding Suport certificate Insulation Transport Structural Elements Fibers ?Collagen (white) fibres ?Elastin (yellow) fibers ?Reticular fibers Ground substance ?Amorphous material fills space between cells and contains fibers ?Holds fluids ?Acts as molecular sieve ?Consists of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins gingiva, proteoglycans Cells Each class of connective tissue has a fundamental cell type that exists in an im develop and mature form ?unvarying cell gets suffix blast i. e chronoblast, they argon actively mitotic, secrete fibers and ground subtance ?Once the cells synthesise the matrix they assume their less active mature mode indicated by suffix cyte i. e. lymphocyte Summary Fibers Ground Substance Cells Collagen Interstitial fluid Immature form blast E lastin Cell adhesion proteins glue Mature form cyte Reticular Proteoglycans Types of connective tissue All consist of cells surrounded by matrix Differences reflect cell type, finer type and the ratio of matrix contributed by fivers These differences determine connective tissue classes and their subgroups ?General (fibrous) connective tissue proper ?Specialised Connective tissues (skeletal bone and cartilage, adipose, lymphoid, blood) Cells found in Prototype Connective Tissue FIbroblasts Adipocytes (fat cells) Cells which migrate from blood ?WBC ?Other cells concerned with tissue response to injury Connective Tissue Proper Two subgroups classification generally pursed on finer arrangement and density Loose CT Areolar ?Reticular great(p) CT ?Dense regular ?Dense insurrectionist Connective Tissue Proper Sub groups Characteristics/Structural elements Loose Areolar Semi fluid Gelatinous ground substance Collagen, elastin, reticular loosely distributed Fibroblasts and macrophages are abundant Occasional adipocytes (fat cells) Widely distributed packing material of body Loose Reticular Matrix contains reticular fibers Reticular fibers form network of reticular cells (fibroblasts) Dense Regular near packed collagen fibers orientated in same direction Mainly fibroblasts Poorly vascularised (no blood vessels)White, flexible tissue with great tensile potency in one direction Wavy fivers allow minimal give until fibbers are straightened Elastic CT has high elastic content i. e. ligaments and tendons Dense Irregular Closely packed collagen fibers orientated in same direction Mainly fibroblasts Poorly vascularised (no blood vessels) Collagen bundles are orientated in MANY directions Forms sheets where tension is exerted in from legion(predicate) directions i. e. dermis of skin, fibrous joint capsules, fibrous capsules of many organs (kidneys, testis, bone, muscles) Blood Classified as a connective tissue Cells in matrix (plasma) Fibers are soluble proteins whic h only become visible during clotting Functions ?Transport of nutrients (glucose, oxygen) ?Transport of wastes (CO2) ?Transport of gases (oxygen, CO2) ?Hormones Cartilage Somewhere between dense CT and bone yobbo but flexible Cartilage cells chondro prefix Ground substance has firmly bound collagen fivers Contains lots of tissue fluid (80% water) No blood vessels or brace (good for joints) Perichondrium (dense irreg. CT) surrounds most cartilage Growth both interstitial and appositional Types ?Hya take up ?Elastic ?Fibrocartilage Bone Bone can refer to Osseous tissue (type of CT) variety meat of the body i. e. humerus (consisting of several tissue types) Bone as a tissue Bone is connective tissue (osseous tissue) Cells contained in a matrix Matrix is situated by deposition of calcium salts and other minerals = calcification (mineralisation) Functions of bony skeleton Support Protection Rigid attachment Levers for muscles Blood formation Electrolyte balance Acid base balance Deto xification General features of long bone Compact bone Spongy bone Medullary cavity Diaphysis (shaft) Epiphysis Epiphysis plate/line Articular cartilage Periosteum and endosteum