The Incarceration Of Prison Policy - 913 Words

Imagine spending 23 hours a day locked in a tiny concrete cell, smaller than some closets. There is no human contact, no windows to look outside, and hardly anything to stimulate your senses. The other 1 hour you will spend in recreation, which is nothing more than a cage outside, barely larger than your room. There is no space to run, no view of the outside world. You’ll never even see a blade of grass during your stay. This is solitary confinement, something many say is a sentence worse than death. In the United States today, there are over 80,000 prisoners currently in solitary confinement. It was originally proposed as a rehabilitative means, however, it has been proven to cause more damage than anything, ultimately provoking more violence and causing mental deterioration. Some prisoners may even end up spending an entire life sentence in solitary confinement, which defeats the purpose of rehabilitation. It is often viewed as a mere act of torture. According to the Prison Policy Organization, â€Å"An estimated 56 percent of state prisoners, 45 percent of federal prisoners, and 64 percent of jail inmates have a mental health problem† (Mental). Most inmates need help, not to just be locked away and kept apart from the world. Many can, and will with the correct treatment, function as a safe member of the community. As a society, we have come a long way in the area of mental health and have become more humane in the way we deal with societal issues, such as crime, and shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of Prison Policy1418 Words   |  6 PagesGenerally, prison policy might lack saliency among most individuals. Prison policy seems to have that pattern where it is significant to some and not to others; that is also relevant in states because of their variety in issues. Prison legislation is like most legislation relevant to whom it affects. In this situation we see that prison overcrowding bothers a majority of inmates, some of the courts, a nd the states. Inmates do not vote, so it is understandable that congress lacks interest. In mostRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The Prison Policy Institute1369 Words   |  6 Pages Attention TIA Credibility Thesis/ Topic statement INTRODUCTION I. According to the prison policy Institute there are currently 2.4 million Americans incarcerated in the United States with nearly 40% of that number being drug related offenses. Further the United states only makes up five percent of the worlds population, but we make up 25% of the worlds prison population and if you factor in the 40% of that 25% being drug offenders you can see that nearly a tenth of the worlds incarcerated areRead MoreMass Incarceration802 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander identifies the racialized mass incarceration problem that we have in our criminal justice system. Reading the book, you can see that mass incarceration is a social problem. This means that the problem can follow the six stages of the policy process. If I were a claimsmaker, I could assert that mass incarceration is a problem by following the six stages. In the claimsmaking stage, I would claim that the War on Drugs creates the racialized mass incarceration in our society today. To show thatRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Mass Incarceration1572 Words   |  7 PagesRacial disparities in mass incarceration Introduction Mass Incarceration in the United States has been a large topic of choice because rapid growth in the prison and jail populations, the long sentences the inmates face, and the inability for some inmates to incorporate themselves back into society. Since the 1970’s the U.S. prison population quadrupled from 158 to 635 people per 100,000, causing the U.S. to gain the title of country with the highest incarceration rate. (Massoglia, Firebaugh, Read MoreMass Incarceration : A Major Problem Within The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesMass incarceration has recently become a major problem within the United States. Although crime rates have dropped since the 1990s, incarceration rates have soared. This trend is largely associated with increased enforcement of drug-related crimes. Unfortunately, though not surprisingly, this problem involves racial discrepancies when regarding these mass incarcerations. Incarcerations appear to be the most prominent throughout urban areas and t he south, which happen to be the areas where AfricanRead MoreMass Incarceration : A New Form Of Slavery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesMass Incarceration: A New Form of Slavery in the United States Lorena P. Ambriz History 12A Abstract Starting in the 1970s, the rising rate of imprisonment came to be known as Mass Incarceration. What was once an average of 100 people getting imprisoned for every 100,000 adults, prior to the 1970s, has now grown to become more than 600 individuals per every 100,000 adults imprisoned. With only five present of the total world population, The United States holds an astonishing 25 percent of theRead MoreThe Lack Of Reintegration Programs And Mass Incarceration Of African Americans912 Words   |  4 Pagesreintegration programs and mass incarceration of African Americans in the United. Mass incarceration amongst African Americans has had a catastrophic impact on families and communities and continues to create a cycle of discrimination, which makes its nearly impossible as a race to progress. Because of the soaring incarceration rate in the United States, many prisons are over populated and lack resources and support to help inmates succeed once released from prisons. Since there is an insufficiencyRead MoreAmerican Incarceration : Where We Are, And What Can Be Done?1518 Words   |  7 PagesYasir Choudhury Dr. Joà £o Vargas UGS 303 Mass Incarceration 5 October 2015 American Incarceration: Where We Are, and What Can be Done From its early inception as a necessary aspect of modern society to its broken state that can be seen today, the American penal system has changed radically in recent history from an institution that performed the duty of safeguarding the public from those too dangerous to be left unsupervised to a business model concerned more with generating a profit for shareholdersRead MoreThe Sentencing Policies For Crimes1357 Words   |  6 PagesWhen America changed the sentencing policies for crimes, primarily drug crimes, in America, the effect this change would have in the poor communities were impossible to imagine. The policies which were changed to get tougher on drug crimes on the federal level followed with mass incarceration in the prison system. This was especially true with young African American males in largely poor communities. So these policies not only created a mass incarceration but also racially targeted certain raceRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On The Unit ed States Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesMass incarceration is a major problem in the United States. Since the tough on crime movement that began to emphasize more punishment and creating new policies such as; three strikes law, truth-in sentencing laws, mandatory sentencing, and determinate sentencing, our prisons and jails have become overcrowded. The three strikes law increases the prison sentence of an offender convicted of three felonies or serious crime. Usually the punishment ranges from a minimum of 25 years to life in prison. The

Discussion 5 6 - 718 Words

Exam: 250636RR - Information Literacy Lesson Exam 3 1. Although online bibliographic generators are generally accurate, it s always best practice to verify the accuracy of the citations by A. using Purdue University and Long Island University s online writing labs. 2. What is the style rule for introducing a direct quote in MLA? C. Use a signal phrase that includes the author s name, along with the page number on which the information appeared in parentheses. 3. The correct term for the list of sources in MLA format is A. Works Cited.. 4. Penn Foster s Academic Integrity policy can be viewed in B. Penn Foster s Undergraduate Catalog and Student Handbook. 5. In the following citation from EDSeek (also known as Expanded Academic†¦show more content†¦A. Social science disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, economics, and nutrition 19. The symbol  ® means the ________ is registered. B. trademark 20. _______ is an exemption to the copyright law. C. Fair use Discussion Question 5 Read the Academic Integrity: Student Code of Conduct section in Penn Foster s Undergraduate Catalog and Student Handbook carefully. Discuss what the policy means to you and include ways that you ve learnedShow MoreRelatedProj 420 Coursework Guide Week 1 - 7696 Words   |  3 Pagesand Outline PROJ 420 Week 1 Discussion 1 Why Should We Practice Risk Management PROJ 420 Week 1 Discussion 2 The ATOM Risk Management Process PROJ 420 Week 2 Course Project Assignment; Project Sizing and Stakeholder Analysis PROJ 420 Week 2 Discussion 1 The Initiation Step PROJ 420 Week 2 Discussion 2 Risk Identification PROJ 420 Week 3 Course Project Assignment; Project Risk Breakdown Structure PROJ 420 Week 3 Discussion 1 MRP Process PROJ 420 Week 3 Discussion Risk Identification PROJ 420Read MoreEssay on Socs 350 Entire Course Week 1 - 81370 Words   |  6 PagesWeek 1 Discussion 1 You Eat What?! 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Strategic Context of Bellamy-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Describe briefly the background Information Strategic Context of the Organisation Bellamy. 2.Conduct a Macro-Environment analysis focusing on Australia only in this assignment for the entire industry within which the Organisation Operates. 3.Draw your Conclusions based on your Five-Force analyses. 4.Identify those resources and Competences of the Organization that are likely to provide sustainable Competitive Advantage. Answers: Introduction Strategic management is regarded as a process that involves continuous planning, monitoring and analysis of organizational aspects for the purpose of meeting organizational aims and objectives(Haggge et al. 2017). The present research work has been made on Bellamy which deals in organic infant food products. The organization is engaged in producing wholesome, nutritious and organic food products for babies, toddlers and children. The study is also emphasizing on historical aspects of the business entity and along with that external and internal business environment is also analyzed in the research work. Moreover, discussion has also been included regarding application of Porters five forces model which gives information about competitive aspects of the business entity. Alongside, researcher has also stated the impact of external environment and competitive factors on Australian industry. Lastly, discussion has been included about VRIO model which describes competences and strategic capabilities of Bellamy. 1.Strategic context of Bellamy Ownership The business has ownership with several management teams which comprises of senior team members such as non- executive chair person, executive deputy chair and non-executive directors. Robert Woolley is the independent non-executive chair person who is responsible in handling business processes. Andrew Cohen has been acting as the CEO of Bellamy since its establishment. Bellamy also has several share partners and investors across Australia(Apenko 2017). History Bellamys Australia is an Australian food and beverage company which is also a subsidiary of Bellamys Organic. It was founded in the year 2014 in Tasmania; however the main headquarter is in Australia. The company was started as a family oriented business. As per the historical aspects, in the year 2007, Bellamys organic food products were purchased by Tasmanian Pure Foods(Barney Mackey 2016). The company became successful and afterwards it was listed on Australian Stock Exchange. The company acquired outstanding success afterwards when the value of share price increased to 30%. Size and business scope Due to organic food products, parents consider the brand highly nutritious for children; hence this also helps in enhancing health aspects of children. After expanding the business services, Bellamy got appreciation and recognition from different market places which also attributed to enhanced market share(Bettis et al. 2016). The business has the opportunities to expand more through adding nutritional products for the targeted customers. Further, Bellamy can also add several new beverages in the existing product line so that customer base can be enhanced accordingly. Currently, Bellamy is operating business in more than 8 locations. Around 46 employees are working with Bellamy which helps the business to serve best services to the customers. It is regarded as a developed business because no other entity has online presence like Bellamy(Brem Wimschneider 2016). The cereal products of Bellamy are also certified by Islamic Coordinating Council of Victoria which allows the business to export food products to other countries as well. Major products and services There are various products included in the product line such as milk, baby rice, baby porridge, cinnamon breakfast, baby macroni, grain fruit snacks, teething rusks, spelt pasta and different baby meals(Brunetti et al. 2017). Specially, these ranges of products are developed for three age groups starting from newborns, infants and toddlers. Afterwards, the category of products included organic milk drinks which help children to complete the diet. All the food products are essential for children to enhance the health standards. Major markets of Bellamy Bellamy is engaged in supplying in all the products to supermarket chains, independent stores and pharmacy stores across Australia. The business sells products directly to consumers through the online portal. Bellamy also exports its products to Chin, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and New Zealand. The demand for Bellamys products enhanced and as a result, the company started selling in Asia. Bellamys has been experiencing great success in international markets and this also allows the business to expand the services more in diverse countries(Butler et al. 2016). In the year 2014, Bellamy had attained 95% of share in organic segment of that market. Afterwards, the company had been providing organic food products to customers of South East Asia and Singapore. Bellamy in Australia had experienced 12% increase in the value and the business also achieved 3% market share in overall baby food categories. In Australia, food products of Bellamy are sold in more than 3000 outlets. Al ong with online portals, Bellamy has independent stores which include all sorts of baby food products which are offered to people in the market. 2.Macro- environment analysis PESTLE analysis of Australia Political factor value on consumer food service. Australia is also characterized by transparent legal reference that does not have any provision for corruption; hence it is highly essential for service sector. However, all the business entities are required to consider the policies and guidelines followed by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission(Daspit et al. 2017). Australia is a liberal capitalistic and democratic nation which gives rights and obligations to all the desired consumers in every industry. Australian government has the authority to control price laws; hence business entities are required adhering all such policies. However, at the same time, such regulation directs the business entity to monitor the practices so that appropriate standards can be developed. Political aspects also include provisions that promotes competitive pricing, price effective of ineffective markets and regulating other business policies(David David 2016). Nonetheless, in the case of export and import, it is crucial for the business entity to follow advices of exchange controls. Economic factor Australian economy depicts growth in GDP rate after the year 2009. However, due to financial crisis, the country witnessed economic downturn as well that affected all the industries. In terms of government funds, Australia is acquiring benefits as compared to other developed nations. Similarly, food services and logistic industry shows that expenses can improve other segments which can aid in declining the impact of economic recession. It is also analyzed that the economy has prepared to renew inflationary pressure which brings economic stains in Australia when price increase to around 2.9%(Della Corte Aria 2016). Additionally, the volume of food service market has been increasing with fast food operators which are also encouraging opportunities of growth and success. According to recent survey, it is ascertained that the culture of purchasing food products from supermarket chains and other stores are increasing; hence food industry is growing at a faster pace. Therefore, it can be said that economic aspects of Australia has been increasing continuously(Ethiraj, Gambardella Helfat 2016). Social factor Australia is highly associated with British-Australian traditions which drive people to consider social and cultural values on higher extent. Consideration towards environment and increasing immigration has changed the lifestyle of people. Furthermore, in this respect the labor market is attributed towards income-based promotions which impede the social agility. Australia is also experiencing increased levels of per capital revenue which brings more challenges to survive in competitive market place(Peppard Ward 2016). Consumers are more likely to have healthy eating food products as they are becoming aware about health beliefs. Social factors highly affect the demand; therefore food industry is required to consider all such values. Technological factor There are numerous benefits of technological advancement which not only traces to cost reduction, but also aids in adopting new measures to enhance quality dimensions. Technology aids the business entities to connect more with customers so that they can facilitate word of mouth publicity(Brunetti et al. 2017). Technology is one of the major sources through which new service provision can be added and as a result, value to customers can be enhanced accordingly. Because of technology, all the companies are emphasizing on the source of e-commerce to make the service more convenient for end users. Furthermore, information communication technology is also one of the strong drivers that contribute in enhancing Australian growth through facilitating innovation and creativity. Legal factor Changes have been prevailing in the country which not only changes service provision; but also it leads to alter the operations to satisfy the needs of customers. However, there are varied legal regulation and existing codes that direct the business entities to change service aspects. Regulation system is typically based on liberal principles; however this also requires scrutiny of existing legal system(Min et al. 2016). In food industry of Australia, New Zealand Food Standards Code provisions have been developed which is essential to follow. Legal factor also restricts new entrants to enter in food industry. This safeguards legal aspects of the business and as a result, food industry is getting maximum benefits. Further, Australian intellectual property laws also offer other regulation which helps the industries to become legal in competitive market place. Environmental factor It is also analyzed that Australian government has been paying adequate consideration towards safeguarding the environment. Ruling body have developed several standards so that business entities can become more eco-friendly while managing different operations. Australia has been emphasizing on Biological Diversity Convention and Agenda 21 for the purpose of striving to sustain for longer time span(Apenko 2017). Therefore, this clearly depicts that business entities are required to focus more on environmental aspects to get contribution from community. Conclusion of the analysis From the above discussion, it is clear that all these factors are favorable in some areas; however consistency in external market can assist the industries to grab more opportunities of success and prosperity. Moreover, it is also analyzed that social factors can assist the companies to enhance the chances of prosperity. However, the businesses are also required to use all the opportunities in appropriate manner to improve the overall industry standards. 3.Porters five forces model Preferences of customers are changing; hence the need for healthy and nutritious food has been increasing in the market place. This is the core reason for which different business entities are entering in the same market place. The level of competition has been increasing at market place; hence food industry is getting affected. Degree of rivalry within the industry: In organic and natural food industry, large number of entities is operating business. Several business entities are entering in this domain so as to expand the service aspects. Demand for natural and organic products has been increasing as people are heavily emphasizing on eating healthy food. In food market, several entities are operating business such as Costco Wholesale Corporation, Wal-Mart Stores and Kroger Company(Lin Tsai 2016). All these entities have been emphasizing on competitive prices so as to grab the attention of customers. They have been selling natural and organic food products to the end users which enhance the chances of success. Bargaining power of buyers and suppliers: Organic and natural food products have been buying food products from other companies which enhance the bargaining power of suppliers. There has been a significant shift in consumers choice which affects profitability and success of baby food product company. The competitors have many suppliers including regional and national wholesalers which enhance supplying capacity as well(Sehnem, Roman Machado 2016). There is no such business who is dependent on any single supplier; therefore the power of supplier enhances accordingly. Hence, competition has been increasing because of this aspect. However, on the other hand, customers have huge bargaining power because of the level of substitute products. Such products have been assisting the business entities to grab the attention of customers on higher extent. Moreover, potential customers also show greater commitment towards the organization especially when they get suitable services from the busine ss organization. In addition to the same, it is also ascertained that demands of customers have been changing because they are more concerned about consumption of healthy food products(Wheelen Hunger n.d.). Threats of new entrants and substitute products: Substitute products exist more in natural and organic food domain which not only affects interest of customer, but also it impacts the performance of business entities. There are various organizations providing cheaper and affordable services to the consumers; therefore customer usually switches to such organizations(Campbell Park 2017). Any such organization which has non-organic food products would not be able to generate competition for organic food Product Company. Since, people more likely to have healthy choices; therefore existing business organizations can act as barriers for organic food product company. In this industry, small retail entities can also create competition for large companies; thus focus is required to be laid on quality dimensions. Impact of competitive forces and macro environment on the overall industry Competitive forces show the core competency and standard of business in managing its operations in external market place. There are varied industry players that can impact the value and processes of other entities; hence this also affects external business environment. Controllable and uncontrollable environmental factors changes the way business operates its activities; therefore in this respect food companies are required to emphasize more on social and economic factors(Krishnaswamy 2017). For instance business can acquire more profits in the case when it meets the needs and demands of customers. At the same time, consideration on such thing can also help the entities to identify all such measures through which opportunities of success and growth can be encouraged. Conclusion of the analysis From the above analysis, it is identified that competitive environment can be created if the business know the way to deal with controllable and uncontrollable measures. While developing business strategies, it is essential for organizations to analyze all the dimensions that could change the performance of subsequent company. 4.Identification of resources that provide sustainable competitive advantage VRIO model It can be stated that technology and employee are the two most significant resources which are going to provide sustainable competitive advantage to Bellamy. Further, the company will be required to invest money in upgrading its technology at regular intervals. The use of lasts and innovative technology is going to support in delivering fast and accurate services to the customers(Inman Nikolova 2017). In addition to this, it will also assist in enhancing the degree of customer satisfaction. The use of technology can be carried out to identify the changing demand of baby food products and develop new product accordingly. On the other hand, employees are considered as one of the most vital assets for any business enterprise. Bellamy operates with a team of highly skilled and talented personnels. Human resources will support in delivering satisfactory services to customers and therefore, will help Bellamy in getting a competitive advantage over other market players. The effectiveness o f Bellamys resources using VRIO model is explained below as: Valuable- The human and technological resources employed by Bellamy can be termed as valuable because they are adding direct value to the company. The use of technology is helping the organization to deal with external threats and challenges linked to changing customer demand and increasing competition(Kar 2017). Rare- It can be stated that both technology and human resources are rare as they have been adopted by only a few companies. Bellamy is making use of advanced technology such as ECRM software to maintain long term relationship with customers and attain brand loyalty. On the other hand, the substitute of skilled and talented personnels working in the company is also not easily available(Sudrajat Amin 2016). The cost to imitate- The cost to imitate the existing resources of Bellamy is very high. For example, the technology and human resources cannot be duplicated easily, and at the same time, the substitute is also not available easily. Organized to capture the value- Bellamy has also held its management practices and systems in such a way that these resources are adding direct value to the company. Thus, the application of VRIO model has highlighted that Bellamy is getting a sustainable competitive advantage by employing different technological and human resources. However, it can be critically argued that the selected business needs to carry out effective monitoring of all its resources and should upgrade at regular intervals according to the changing business environment. With the help of VRIO model, it is being identified that Bellamy needs to develop its resource capability to enhance the competitive potential(Johansson Kask 2017). All the four dimensions state that Bellamy has to expand the services so that attention of large number of customers can be acquired. With the help of this model, internal resources and capabilities have been identified; hence changes can be implemented in strategic aspects of the business. Moreover, the dimension of value contends that Bellamy is required to add all such food products in the list that help in enhancing growth and success opportunities. Organizational resources are highly valuable; hence it is required for Bellamy to chiefly focus on optimum utilization. In order to sustain in competitive market place, Bellamy has to enhance the resource capability through adding several service provision(Farkas 2016). This will also be useful in encouraging business performance of Bellamy. Long term sustainability and other necessary benefits can be acquired through putting efforts in increasing value of services. Duplication of activities shall also be avoided at the same time so that value of resources can be encouraged. Services should be suitably organized to deliver only requisite products to the potential customers of Bellamy. Thus, the model can also encourage the business to encourage the value of all its systems. Conclusion Summing up the entire research work, it can be said that Bellamy has to emphasize more on strategic values so that business can become more competent in external market place. It is also identified that external environment of Bellamy has favorable impact on business which not only enhances success prospects; but also it aids the business entity to provide value for customers. Moreover, competition has been increasing in this market place; therefore Bellamy needs to show greater consideration towards meeting the needs and demands of consumers. References Apenko, S 2017, 'Human Resource Management of Innovative Projects in the Context of Business Strategy', STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, vol 22, no. 1, pp. 3-6. Barney, J Mackey, A 2016, 'Text and metatext in the resource?based view.', Human Resource Management Journal, vol 26, no. 4, pp. 369-378. Bettis, R, Ethiraj, S, Gambardella, A, Helfat, C Mitchell, W 2016, 'Creating repeatable cumulative knowledge in strategic management', Strategic Management Journal, vol 37, no. 2, pp. 257-261. Brem, AMM Wimschneider, C 2016, 'Competitive advantage through innovation: the case of Nespresso', European Journal of Innovation Management, vol 19, no. 1, pp. 133-148. Brunetti, M, Teixeira, G, de Castro, M Lara, L 2017, 'Sustainable competitive advantage in Construction: Study of Central Region of Parana', REBRAE, vol 8, no. 2. Butler, T, Armstrong, C, Ellinger, A Franke, G 2016, 'Employer trustworthiness, worker pride, and camaraderie as a source of competitive advantage: Evidence from great places to work.', Journal of Strategy and Management, vol 9, no. 3, pp. 322-343. Campbell, JM Park, J 2017, 'Extending the resource-based view: Effects of strategic orientation toward community on small business performance', Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol 34, pp. 302-308. Daspit, J, Chrisman, JJ, Sharma, P, Pearson, A Long, R 2017, 'A Strategic Management Perspective of the Family Firm: Past Trends, New Insights, and Future Directions', Journal of Managerial Issues, vol 29, no. 1, pp. 6-29. David, F David, F 2016, Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach, concepts and cases. Della Corte, V Aria, M 2016, 'Coopetition and sustainable competitive advantage. The case of tourist destinations', Tourism Management, vol 54, pp. 524-540. Della Corte, V Aria, M 2016, 'Coopetition and sustainable competitive advantage. The case of tourist destinations', Tourism Management, vol 54, pp. 524-540. Ethiraj, S, Gambardella, A Helfat, C 2016, 'Replication in strategic management', Strategic Management Journal, vol 37, no. 11, pp. 2191-2192. Farkas, F 2016, 'Hard and Soft Approaches of Strategic Organisational Change Management', STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, vol 21, no. 2, pp. 13-22. Haggge, M, Haggge, M, Gauthier, C, Gauthier, C, Rling, CC Rling, CC 2017, ' Business model performance: five key drivers', Journal of Business Strategy, vol 38, no. 2, pp. 6-15. Inman, J Nikolova, H 2017, 'Continual innovation and new technology are critical in helping retailers create a sustainable competitive advantage. In particular, shopper-facing technology plays an important role in increasing revenues and decreasing costs. In this article, we briefl', Journal of Retailing, vol 93, no. 1, pp. 120-135. Johansson, T Kask, J 2017, ' Configurations of business strategy and marketing channels for e-commerce and traditional retail formats: A Qualitative Comparison Analysis (QCA) in sporting goods retailing', Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol 34, pp. 326-333. Kar, D 2017, 'Development and implementation of an employee empowerment plan for sustainable competitive advantage', ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, vol 7, no. 5, pp. 15-22. Krishnaswamy, S 2017, 'Sources of Sustainable competitive Advantage: A Study Industry Outlook', St. Theresa Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, vol 3, no. 1. Lin, C Tsai, H 2016, 'Achieving a firms competitive advantage through dynamic capability', Baltic Journal of Management, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 260-285. Min, B, Min, J, Jang, W, Han, S Kang, S 2016, 'VRIO Model Based Enterprise Capability Assessment Framework for Plant Project', Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol 17, no. 3, pp. 61-70. Peppard, J Ward, J 2016, The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy, John Wiley Sons. Sehnem, S, Roman, DSA Machado, N 2016, 'Competitive Advantage in a Credit Cooperative: The Role of Resources', International Business Management, vol 10, no. 15, pp. 2768-2779. Sudrajat, D Amin, T 2016, 'Competitiveness Improvement of Indonesian Logistics Services Companies Through Competitive Advantage Improvement: A Conceptual Model', Advanced Science Letters, vol 22, no. 12, pp. 4540-4543. Wheelen, T Hunger, J, Strategic management and business policy, pearson.

K+12 Research Paper free essay sample

The DepEd, for its part, appears determined to enact the program with its  proposed budget catering mostly  to preparing the grounds for its eventual implementation. The DepEd argues that the K-12 program will be the solution to yearly basic education woes and the deteriorating quality of education. Critics, however, counteract that the education crisis needs to be addressed more fundamentally and adding more school years would only exacerbate the situation. Dissecting K-12 The  K-12 model  is an educational system for basic and secondary education patterned after the  United States,Canada, and some parts of  Australia. The current basic education system is also an archetype of American schooling but with a 10-year cycle. DepEd reasons that it is high time to adopt a K-12 system, attributing the low achievement scores and poor quality of basic education to the present school setup. Following wide protests over the proposal, the departmentreleased  its official position defending K-12. We will write a custom essay sample on K+12 Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Below are the main arguments and corresponding counter-arguments from critics. 1. The K-12 will solve the annual growing number of out-of-school youth. Students and parents, however complain that it would be an added burden to poor families. While public education is free, a  political youth groupestimates that a student would still need an average of P20,000 per school year to cover transportation, food, school supplies and other schooling expenses. Also, based on the latest  Family Income and Expenditure Survey, families prioritize spending for food and other basic needs over their children’s school needs. Two more years for basic education would inevitably translate to higher dropout rate. 2. The K-12 will address low achievement scores and poor academic performance of elementary and high school students.DepEd says that the poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement scores of students. Results of the  TIMSS  (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), however, negate the connection of the number of years to the performance of students. According to results of the TIMSS, the length of schooling does not necessarily mean better scores. In fact, some countries with the same or shorter school cycle garnered the highest scores while those implementing the K-12 model or more years of schooling got lower scores.According to a study released by  former Deputy Education Minister Abraham I. Felipe and Fund for Assistance to Private Education (FAPE) Executive Director Carolina C. Porio, the DepEd’s arguments are â€Å"impressionistic and erroneous† because there is no clear correlation between the length of schooling and students’ performance. The said study shows that fourth graders from  Australia  had respectable TIMSS scores despite having only one year of pre-schooling, while  Morocco  (two years of pre-school),  Norway  (three years) and  Armenia  and  Slovenia(both four years) had lower scores than Australia.South Korea, which has the same length of basic education cycle as the Philippines, was among the top performers in the TIMSS, while those with longer pre-schooling (Ghana, Morocco,  Botswana  and  Saudi Arabia, three years) had lower test scores. Test scores of Filipino students, meanwhile, were lower than those garnered by all 13 countries with shorter elementary cycles, namely,  Russia, Armenia,  Latvia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Hungary,  Bulgaria, Serbia,Romania,  Moldova,  Italy, Egypt and Iran.In the high school level,  Singapore  that also has a four-year high school cycle, got the highest score. Ironically, the Philippines got a lower score together with countries that have longer high school cycles like South Africa, Chile, Palestine, Morocco and Saudi Arabia. For the pre-college level, the Philippines also got a low score, but so did the  United States, which has a 15-year basic and secondary education cycle. Students from Singapore, South Korea,  Japan  and  Hong Kong, all with shorter education cycles, got higher scores than America students. . The DepEd has enough resources to implement the K-12. Interestingly, countries whose students got high scores in the TIMSS were the ones whose governments allotted high public spending for education. Despite nominal increases in the total education budget, the government has been spending less per capita on education. The real spending per capita per day  dropped  to P6. 85 in 2009. From 2001 to 2009, education’s portion in the national budget has  steadily decreased.This pales in comparison to neighboring countries   Malaysia, 7. 4 percent and  Thailand, 4 percent. It is also lower than the four percent average for all countries that were included in the  World Education Indicators in 2006. The country is also lagging behind its Asian counterparts in public expenditure on education as a percentage of total public spending. In a  statement,  President Benigno Aquino III  said that his administration is prioritizing education and, as proof, the DepEd budget will increase by P32 billion in 2011.

Cosmos Episode 5 Viewing Worksheet

'Cosmos' Episode 5 Viewing Worksheet Lets face it: there are some days when teachers need to show videos or movies. Sometimes, it is to help supplement a lesson or unit so visual learners and auditory learners can grasp the concept. Many teachers also decide to leave videos to watch when a substitute teacher is planned. Still, others give students a bit of a break or a reward by having a movie day. Whatever your motivation, the Fox series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson, is an excellent and entertaining television show with sound science. Tyson makes the science information accessible for all levels of learners and keeps the audience engaged throughout the entire episode. Below is a set of questions for Cosmos Episode 5, titled Hiding in the Light, that can be copy-and-pasted into a worksheet. It can be used as an assessment or a guided note-taking guide for the students as they travel along on the Ship of the Imagination and get introduced to great scientists and their discoveries. This particular episode focuses on waves and, in particular, light waves and how they compare to sound waves. It would be an excellent supplement to a physical science or physics class studying waves and their properties. Cosmos Hiding in the Light Worksheet What are two things Neil deGrasse Tyson says helped us evolved from a band of wandering hunting and gathering ancestors to a global civilization?What type of camera did Mo Tzu invent?What three things should all doctrines be tested with, according to Against Fate by Mo Tzu?What was the name of the first Emperor of China who wanted everything in China to be uniform?What happened to the books written by Mo Tzu?During Ibn Alhazen’s time, what was the agreed-upon hypothesis of how we see things?Where did our current number system and the concept of zero come from?What important property of light did Alhazen discover with only his tent, a piece of wood, and a ruler?What must happen to light in order for an image to form?How is the lens of a telescope and light like a big bucket and rain?What was Alhazen’s greatest contribution to science?What is the name of the only particle that can travel at the speed of light?The word â€Å"spectrum† comes from a Latin word meaning what?What did William Herschel’s experiment with light and heat prove? What was the profession of the man that kept an 11-year-old Joseph Fraunhofer as a slave?How did Joseph Fraunhofer get to meet the future King of Bavaria?Where did the King’s counselor offer Joseph Fraunhofer a job?Why are organ pipes in the Abbey different lengths?What is the difference between light and sound waves as they travel?What determines the color of light we see?Which color has the lowest energy?Why are there dark bands in the spectra Joseph Fraunhofer saw?What is the force that holds atoms together?How old was Joseph Fraunhofer when he fell ill and what probably caused it?What did Joseph Fraunhofer discover about the elements that make up the universe?

The Irish Elk, the Worlds Biggest Deer

The Irish Elk, the World's Biggest Deer Although Megaloceros is commonly known as the Irish Elk, its important to understand that this genus comprised nine separate species, only one of which (Megaloceros giganteus) reached true elk-like proportions. Also, the name Irish Elk is something of a double misnomer. First, Megaloceros had more in common with modern deer than American or European Elks, and, second, it didnt live exclusively in Ireland, enjoying a distribution across the expanse of Pleistocene Europe. (Other, smaller Megaloceros species ranged as far afield as China and Japan.)    The Irish Elk, M. giganteus, was far and away the largest deer that ever lived, measuring about eight feet long from head to tail and weighing in the neighborhood of 500 to 1,500 pounds. What really set this megafauna mammal apart from its fellow ungulates, though, were its enormous, ramifying, ornate antlers, which spanned almost 12 feet from tip to tip and weighed just short of 100 pounds. As with all such structures in the animal kingdom, these antlers were strictly a sexually selected characteristic; males with more ornate appendages were more successful in intra-herd combat, and thus more attractive to females during mating season. Why didnt these top-heavy antlers cause Irish Elk males to tip over? Presumably, they also had exceptionally strong necks, not to mention a finely tuned sense of balance. The Extinction of the Irish Elk Why did the Irish Elk go extinct shortly after the last Ice Age, on the cusp of the modern era, 10,000 years ago? Well, this may have been an object lesson in sexual selection run amok: Its possible that dominant Irish Elk males were so successful and so long-lived that they crowded other, less-well-endowed males out of the gene pool, the result being excessive inbreeding. An overly inbred Irish Elk population would be unusually susceptible to disease or environmental changesay, if an accustomed source of food disappearedand prone to sudden extinction. By the same token, if early human hunters targeted alpha males (perhaps wishing to use their horns as ornaments or magic totems), that, too, would have had a disastrous effect on the Irish Elks prospects for survival. Because it went extinct so recently, the Irish Elk is a candidate species for de-extinction. What this would mean, in practice, is harvesting remnants of Megaloceros DNA from preserved soft tissues, comparing these with the gene sequences of still-extant relatives (perhaps the much, much smaller Fallow Deer or Red Deer), and then breeding the Irish Elk back into existence via a combination of gene manipulation, in-vitro fertilization, and surrogate pregnancy. It all sounds easy when you read it, but each of these steps poses significant technical challengesso you shouldnt expect to see an Irish Elk at your local zoo anytime soon! Name: Irish Elk; also known as  Megaloceros giganteus  (Greek for giant horn); pronounced meg-ah-LAH-seh-russ Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (two million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to eight feet long and 1,500 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; large, ornate horns on head

Leadership assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Leadership - Assignment Example Her moving boxes were not labeled properly and the way she packed her things just did not make sense. So I taught her how to group her things in boxes and mark them for specific use and area of the apartment. This took around 3 days to do and by the time we were done, we discovered that she did not need as many moving boxes as she originally had. Moving day came and I was at her place bright and early to help the movers. I designated each box for positioning in the truck according to the contents in the boxes. Delicate things in the back and the sturdy stuff up front, electronics placed in top of everything else and safely secured as well. When we got to the new apartment, My friend was so busy making sure that all the boxes got off the truck that she allowed me to designate and dispatch the moving crew across her apartment. I supervised them as the unpacked the boxes and made sure that nothing was broken or that anything was missing among her things. After the moving crew left, we began the unenviable task of unpacking her things. Thanks to my organization skills and ability to properly delegate tasks, we were easily able to unpack her things and put the items where they belonged. Needless to say, my friend was very thankful that I was available to help her move, she really doubted she could have done it properly

Summarize document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize document - Essay Example Intuition has nothing to do with random guessing, it is a subconscious process of appealing to a person’s experience of solving specific problems. This article has changed my understanding of intuition as a process as well as its role in making strategies. I have learned that to achieve the highest results intuition and rational thinking should be combined. Moreover, the strategies may vary depending on the circumstances. â€Å"Intuitive synthesis is more appropriate for strategic †¦ decisions †¦ and is more effective in an unstable environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Khatri and Alvin Ng 2000, p 62). In addition to this, the article has taught me that all decisions contain a bit of intuition, regardless of how accurate and reliable the facts are. Even while using analytical method, managers deal with future which no one can predict. It is impossible to measure the unknown and as a result, every decision is partially intuitive. (Goldberg 1990, p. 73). To sum up, intuition is indeed a quick rational process as it is based on knowledge and experience, even though it is subconscious. However, I do not think that it should be widely used on practice. Intuitive synthesis has different results according to the field it is applied in. And because it is based mostly on precedents, it may not always be trustworthy as people’s experience may vary. Only those employees who have a clear understanding of a problem may use this method. I believe further researches on intuition and the ways of its development should be done to improve the process of strategic decision

Bylli All’s Five Year Career Development Plan Essay Example for Free

Bylli All’s Five Year Career Development Plan Essay As I am currently the president and CEO of J-R Equipment, my career is where I always thought it would be. I was chosen by my mother to head this 50 year-old family business. My sole endeavor is to have it continue for another 50 years. More specifically, over the next five years my goal and base objective will be to rebuild J-R Equipment Rental into an efficient, consistently profitable organization which many families are supported with its growth. Heinz Weihrich (2007) writes, â€Å"Career plans are built on uncertainty; the future cannot be predicted with accuracy. Consequently, contingency plans based on alternative sets of assumptions should be prepared.† My personal plan will be an ongoing proactive plan with annual reassessments periodically (Wagner, 2010). My objective is to incorporate new technology and old fashioned know how to make ours the best rental company in the area. Goals and Objectives J-R Equipment will remain in our family for generations to come with proper management and development. The initial objective in any business is to be profitable. Years ago this company was run by a much larger staff, thus giving the opportunity of time to oversee things properly. This is my personal goal. When this plan is successfully put into practice, a sense of pride and accomplishment knowing that my mother made the correct choice will be satisfaction enough. I do not foresee my compensation or benefits package changing during or after this time. The following current specific goals and objectives are vital to the plan to be a success. This list cannot consider unknown or unforeseen actions. 1. Conduct a complete job analysis on each area within the company. 2. Construct a thorough job description for each job analysis. 3. Work to organize the jobs better to be done so that employees are making good use of their talents to better serve the company’s goals. 4. Review pay scales and update if warranted, this should be done annually. 5. Review benefits package, e.g. Health Insurance, IRA, Life Insurance 6. Annually update the Employee Handbook and new hire package. 7. Streamline the rental process so that customers can shorten the time they are required to spend in the office on paperwork. 8. Educate employees who will utilize the computer system’s available tools. 9. Work to make the equipment inventory more reliable in terms of contracts and status of equipment. 10. Update processes and protocols within the company. 11. Review our service call procedures and update as needed. Job Satisfaction and Attributes There is a great deal of satisfaction in a job well-done. Knowing that my efforts are useful and usable is more than adequate to me. The typical attributes of job satisfaction is motivation and productivity. When an employee is satisfied with his or her job the employee will almost naturally be excited and motivated, thus increasing productivity. I am no exception to this rule. Compensation and Benefits Currently my compensation and benefits are as high as they can be for the company. In the near future I plan to include a key individual life insurance plan to my list of benefits. This life insurance plan would pay the company as the beneficiary to offset costs pertaining to hiring and promoting individuals in the event of my death. Most organizations have at least one employee who is fundamental to the continued success of the business. It could be the owner, manager, or someone with a high level of experience, the loss or death of that person certainly would cause an upset both productively and financially to the company. This insurance benefit could be used to pay off debt, recruit new personnel, or any other useful tool needed to grow the business. Competencies For any business today and subsequently its managers to remain competitive, certain technologies must be utilized so that employees, management, and customers can communicate and conduct business in a simple yet proficient manner. Our computer system was upgraded just last year so I would believe that this system could easily carry us through this plan with regular updates. There are add-ons to the system that could be better utilized. In addition, certain competencies are required to fulfill the position of president and CEO in an effective manner. Competence defined is a gathering of functionality, involving skills, knowledge, and personal attributes, which, combined, establish successful achievement of activity (AdomaitienÄâ€", ZubrickienÄâ€", 2010). Adomaitiene and Zubrickiene also write that competencies and job experiences become a condition of personal clarity. The following competencies are required to grow as a manager/owner and thus have the company grow as well. An effective CEO must have the ability to understand, empathize, and assist in each area or department within the company to recognize its connection to other departments. I. Every employee has a role to play in the efficient function of the company, the awareness of each person and their role is a key component in success. II. A working knowledge of the company’s front office or rental software and its capabilities are vital to daily operations. III. A working knowledge of the back office systems and their functionality will prove essential for financial recommendations. Job Experiences Fortunately, my current experience level with each department is such that I feel as though I am a step ahead already in my plan. These experiences allow me the confidence to discuss any changes that may be initiated to improve the company. Continued access to the departments and their functions will help to keep my competencies up to date. Training and Education Training and education are an indispensable part of any plan’s success. The educational background I have will be sufficient to begin this process; however the complete plan will require additional education and a personal in-depth assessment of my own personal strengths, weaknesses, and a thorough knowledge of what items will need adjustment are the first necessary step. My education with University of Phoenix and continued work experience help to complete my understanding of the business process and the functionality of this knowledge. J-R Equipment’s Role J-R Equipment’s responsibility is simply to comply with the recommendations made. The department managers will prove essential in the process. Open forms of communication are crucial to the success of our plan and subsequently our company. Regular meetings will be held to mark the successful procession of the plan. Plan Timeline Year One:1.All job analyses and descriptions are complete. 2.Begin working with other managers to formulate ideas for streamlining. 3.Set schedules for employee training on the computer system. 4.Update Employee Handbook. 5.Begin inventory analysis with equipment not available for rental. Year Two:1.Reorganize employees to better suit their skills and talents. 2.Review pay scales of all employees to make certain current state legislation is upheld. 3.Begin review of benefits packages. 4.Continue gathering ideas for streamlining. 5.Revise/implement training schedules. 6.Update Employee Handbook. 7.Continue inventory analysis with spot check inventory reconciliation. Year Three:1.Complete review of benefits packages. 2.Update Employee Handbook and new hire package. 3.Continue inventory analysis. 4.Begin to put into effect ideas for streamlining the rental process. 5.Review pay scales of all employees Year Four:1.Update/review streamlining processes. 2.Update Employee Handbook and new hire package 3.Continue ongoing inventory analysis. 4.Review pay scales Year Five:1.All processes should be completed 2.Review new processes for functionality 3.Review needs for additional training. 4.Review pay scales and benefits packages 5.Update Employee handbook. 6.Formulate a Mentoring Program Mentoring A mentoring program can be formal or informal. The informal plans offer much more than the formal plans. Informal programs are more driven simply because both parties are motivated, and the relationship would be more relaxed and without boundaries (Chao, 2009). Formal programs are certainly more rigid, more structured, and more visible. Currently there is no formatted mentoring program in place even though I was mentored without even knowing it. I do however intend to formulate a program by the end of the five year period. This is largely dependent on employee and family growth within the business. There are several candidates currently that will be given the opportunity for experiential growth to a higher level of responsibility. The program itself will need to address the ever-changing working world and its part in an individual’s life (Patton, McIlveen, 2008). Conclusion A career development plan has been difficult to prepare. My career has almost always been J-R Equipment. I have been raised here and groomed for this business and am thankful for that education. I and my siblings were raised in this business, my children were raised in this business, and now my grandchildren are being raised here. I could not be more proud or motivated for our continued success. References AdomaitienÄâ€", J., ZubrickienÄâ€", I. (2010). Career Competences and Importance of Their Development in Planning of Career Perspective. Bridges / Tiltai, 53(4), 87-99. Chao, G. T. (2009). Formal mentoring: Lessons learned from past practice. Professional Psychology: Research And Practice, 40(3), 314-320. doi:10.1037/a0012658 Morgan, M. (2011). Building Personal Equity. Strategic Finance, 93(6), 16-61. Patton, W. (2009). Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development— 2008. Career Development Quarterly, 58(2), 118. The Value of Key-Person Life Insurance. Retrieved from

Comparison (J. Swift & A. Pope) Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The attitudes portrayed in Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Man and Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† towards mankind is strikingly similar. Both acknowledge the view that man has dominion over the earth, as created and instituted by God. However, the difference is seen in their approaches to this subject. Pope primarily focuses on man’s pride and place in society, whereas Swift discusses how man deals with certain situations reasonably or unreasonably. Pope and Swift present situations that man has to face in conjunction with illogical conclusions. Besides exhibiting illogical conclusions, they also show the selfish, prideful, rebellious, jealous, and the ungrateful characteristics of man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator in Swift’s, â€Å"A Modest Proposal† appears to be a logical, educated person who has been studying the subject of impoverished citizens, primarily women and children, for years. He does this by informing the reader of his working relationship with scholars, as well as thought out and gathered calculations, followed by examples of children having no hope for the future. He transitions into illustrating his proposal from giving his findings by stating, â€Å"I have too long digressed, and therefore shall I return to my subject† (Swift 457). The narrator indicates his proposal, which appears to be illogical to the reader. He does this so that the reader will not agree with the solution to overpopulation by eating babies, but fo...

Jeremiah as a Christ Figure in Peace Like a River

Jeremiah as a Christ Figure in Peace like a River In the novel Peace like a River, Leif Enger creates the character Jeremiah Land as a Christ figure in order to convey the character’s role as a person whose life is spent serving others. Throughout the novel, there are many miracles performed, and some seem to obviously connect with Jeremiah. The intent of making Jeremiah a Christ figure comes to fulfillment by the novel’s end, when Jeremiah sacrifices his life to save his son, Reuben.In the creation of Jeremiah as a Christ figure, Enger reminds the reader of the importance of self-abnegation and apprehension for others, attitudes that make the pains of human experience tolerable. As stated, there are many miracles in the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Reuben sneaks outside to use the bathroom, when he sees his dad, praying in the bed if the truck and he walks straight off and continues walking without falling. At Christmas time, Davy gives Swede a saddle, but it has an unfixable break in the seam, which is miraculously fixed after Jeremiah tripping over it and bringing it up to her room.One night, after Davy had broken out of jail, Tin Lurvy stops by the Land house and is served soup, but after at least eleven bowls total were served, the pot in which it was made was more than half full. Some miracles are very obviously connected to Jeremiah, like his walking off the truck, but there are others that are not so obvious. In the New Testament, Jesus feeds five thousand people with five loaves of bread and three fish, which connects to the somehow refilling pot of soup that Tin Lurvy kept eating.Supposedly, Jeremiah would boil water with some vinegar and that would help Reuben breathe better, but I believe it was Jeremiah himself when he made it for him. There is a point in the novel where the miracles seem to cease. It is the arrival at Roxanna’s house. They were running on the extremely small amount of gas that apparently lasted for th e entire morning until the found Roxanna and the gas company. After a while, Jeremiah had decided to court Roxanna, and the miracles stopped after that, for he spent most of his time in the Airstream inherited from Tin Lurvy after his heart attack.Reuben still had trouble breathing, but when Swede made the boiled water for him, it didn’t work well. After identifying many facts that support the claim, it is certain that Enger created Jeremiah Land as a Christ figure. But, miracles sometimes being called â€Å"acts of God†, most are not. There are many ordinary miracles happening all over. A woman that works two jobs an still finds time to take her kid to soccer practice; a teenager who says no to drugs and yas to an education; these are miracles you see each day, all the time, everywhere.

Joyce’s novel Essay

The novels Mrs. Dalloway and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, written by Virginia Woolf and James Joyce respectively, are tales of persons who are challenged by the society in which they live. The roles traditionally handed down to men and women become elements of restraint for many of the characters within the stories. While convention dictates the actions that the characters should perform, the readers get the impression that the authors are in opposition to these traditions. Throughout the day spent with Mrs. Dalloway and her friends, situations arise in which characters become critical of others’ choices in a way that depicts the ideas of the narrator or author. Likewise, in the experiences of Stephen Dedalus and the other characters of Joyce’s novel, one finds that they often desire to perform actions alien to the stereotypical roles of their genders. In these novels, therefore, we find that there is no apparent desire within characters for males or females to inherit traditional gendered roles. In fact, we discover a desire to occupy a multi-gendered identity. This is important because it gestures at an identity separate from societal construction of gender. Hermione Lee relates that Virginia Woolf sought a â€Å"combination of sensibility and tenacity† in her work (xvii). This suggests a similar mixing of feminine and masculine qualities with which she imbues several of her characters in Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissa Dalloway has become a woman who ostensibly fits perfectly within the role societally configured for her gender. She is the wife of a statesman and the mother of a beautiful daughter. She throws fine parties and does the traditional female jobs of overseeing the servants, visiting the sick, and other things. Yet, Woolf appears immediately to intimate to the reader the undesirability of all this tradition to Clarissa herself, as she is seen at the outset of the novel going on an errand that should normally have been reserved for her servants. Her desire for independence is asserted in the first sentence, â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself (Woolf 1). Though this rebellion is a small one and is buried in the guise of â€Å"womanly† work (going to buy flowers), the commercial aspect of it places her in the position of a business person, just as the errand frees her from the confines of the home. On this walk she thinks of Peter Walsh, a man with whom she once shared her passions for literature and freedom. Her thoughts and desires break through conventions that dictate the subservience of women. She considers marriage in a way that seems alien to its constitution, as she imbues her role in it with the type of independence that one does not usually find in the traditional view of marriage. She explains that her decision against marrying Peter was made because â€Å"In marriage a little licence, a little independence there must be between people living together day in day out in the same house; which Richard gave her, and she him† (Woolf 5). This demonstrates the extent to which she desires not to be subsumed by her husband as women often are in marriages. Continuing, she thinks, â€Å"When it came to that scene in the little garden by the fountain, she had to break with him [Peter] or they would have been destroyed, both of them ruined, she was convinced† (6). This tells what she considers her life would have been like with Peter. She seeks to add a portion of masculinity to her role by keeping something of herself and continuing to show herself to the world—a right that is usually granted without reservation to married men, but tacitly withheld from women of that time. Clarissa continues to demonstrate her inner tendencies to throw off the traditional gender role and to fulfill her political and occupational dreams. During that time in England, women’s occupations were limited to household-related chores. She considers other women who had lived non-traditional lives, and longs to have her life to live again so she could make different choices. The first of those choices would have granted her an occupation that would defy her gender. The narrator assures us that Clarissa Dalloway â€Å"would have been, like Lady Bexborough, slow and stately; rather large; interested in politics like a man; with a country house; very dignified, very sincere† (Woolf 8). The use of the phrase â€Å"like a man† is telling, in that it highlights the extent to which Mrs. Dalloway longs to be released from the confines of her sex. She wants to be endowed with the possibilities that attend a man. Also telling is her desire to be â€Å"very sincere† (8). Sincerity is not a trait that has been traditionally accorded to women, as they were encouraged to keep their thoughts to themselves (or perhaps not to have any at all). Therefore, a woman with any ideas or opinions can be considered to have been somewhat forced into insincerity by their very act of subordination to the will of their husband and in their pretence at never having anything to say beyond remarks about the running of the household. Clarissa’s urge to speak sincerely demonstrates her desire to combine traditionally masculine qualities with her feminine ones.

Essay on Mouse and American Red Fox

Essay on Mouse and American Red Fox Essay on Mouse and American Red Fox Gluten for Punishment Once there was an American Red Fox, who pride himself on being a survivalist. Wondering the Great American Plains. A chubby mammal, whose stomach sank to the ground as he strolled along collecting rodents such as mice, rats, and birds, bringing them to a small den he had dug into the ground on the vast prairie,. Here Fox would consume his prey, and then lay around as if he was a sloth, glad he was increasing the size of his already immense pallet. Fox was unique to all other foxes because he had seemingly no sense of satiability when he ate. Fox was most certainly considered to be gluten. One day, the fox went on the prowl to locate the days prey. He prowled long and hard, through the intense heat of the day until dusk, however, with no avail to his workings. Fox was not used to going even a few hours without some sort of food, and he was losing his patience. After a few more hours of aggravating searching fox came to the realization that he might have to go the rest of the day with out eating, which was not all that long at all considering it would be a mere few hours before the sun would rise again and he could begin hunting again. Therefore, he started back to his den. On the long trip back, even over the loud sound of his growling stomach he heard a small movement in the grass. Fox’s ears flew back as he dropped his heading peering low under the brush in search of the sound making culprit. Once he spotted the source of the movement he lunged as fast as his fat body was capable of doing and caught a wee little mouse by the very end of his tail, almost severing it on impact of his obese paw. As he began to pull the mouse towards him he heard multiple frantic squeaks coming from what was supposed to be a simple meal, and peered down at it, and said to the mouse â€Å"quiet down little snack†! The mouse replied in a rather high pitched voice â€Å"please Mr. fox, I have a family and besides Mr. Fox, I am no large amount of meal†. The wolf j ust replied â€Å"silence mouse, you will do for now as I am starving here†! The mouse proceeded to beg stating over and over again, â€Å"Mr. Fox, you are the plumpest of all foxes in the land, and I see that you are greedy with your food†! The fox simply kept himself focused on keeping himself convinced he needed more food. The mouse then calmed himself and said, in a depressive voice,

Calcium Silicate Crystal Snow Recipe

Calcium Silicate Crystal Snow Recipe Chemical snow can be achieved in a variety of ways. This recipe does not produce the wet snow you get from sodium polyacrylate in water. This is a dry snow made from calcium silicate crystals. Its a fun crystal or chemistry project, useful if you want snow that wont melt. Materials Needed calcium chloride  sodium silicatewater Calcium chloride is a common salt used for snow and ice removal. Its also sold in hardware or home stores to control humidity. You can make sodium silicate, also known as water glass yourself. Combine the silica gel bead packet sold with shoes and clothes with sodium hydroxide (lye or drain cleaner). Sodium silicate is a liquid solution. Make Chemical Snow This is extremely easy. The calcium chloride and sodium silicate react in water to make calcium silicate. The calcium silicate is a flaky white solid. Add a small amount of calcium chloride to a test tube or small glass that is half-full of water.Add a few drops of sodium silicate solution.Swirl or shake the test tube and watch the white flakes of calcium silicate fall like snow. Make Other Silicates and Snow Crafts There are lots of fun ways to use fake snows in arts and crafts applications. You can also make other metal silicates besides calcium silicate. Replace the calcium chloride with aluminum sulfate to make aluminum silicate or use strontium chloride to make strontium silicate.

The Analytical essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Analytical - Essay Example I joined the job as a volunteer in [...]. As I was eager to meet new people, I welcomed the job as a positive influence in my life. While some of my co-workers complained about their work hours and wages, I was just too glad and grateful to mind these minor hiccups. Working gave me a sense of independence. As an employed person I had more responsibility, I could take greater initiative and in an individual capacity, rather than a member of my family or community, as was the case before. There is an immense sense of self-worth and satisfaction that comes with being entrusted with work and I took too this responsibility with a lot of seriousness. Apart from my feelings of self-worth, which improved greatly because of my work, the job benefitted me in other ways. I was suddenly meeting people of all ages and backgrounds who were either suffering themselves or who had family members who were in pain. This exposure to the greater human condition allowed to me to feel for and extend compassion to people who were different from me. I believe that this exposure at my job was crucial in making me the more broad-minded person that I am today. From a practical perspective, working in something as complex as the pharmaceutical industry helped me understand how big corporations and the professional world worked. The job knowledge I gained in the specific field of pharmaceuticals was not the only thing I learned. I grew more aware about how various organisations and authorities worked in our society. This led to a redefining of my ethics. Earlier, I was not very aware of the ills of the pharmaceutical industry, or any other industry in fact. However, because of my insider’s position, I could now see the various drawbacks of big corporations and the frequent malpractices that harmed common individuals. My complete faith in hospitals, the government, and a greater moral order in general were questioned. In

RHB Credit Card Marketing Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9750 words

RHB Credit Card Marketing - Dissertation Example Drugan, my project supervisor from The University for guiding me on the project proposal and widen my knowledge to compile the project. Many thanks to Mr. Vellan at RHB Bank Sales and Marketing, Bangsar ,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for sharing vital information and helping me to solve many problems in the process of this project. I would like to convey my special thanks to my family who has always been behind me and without them, I would not be where I am today. Thank You very much. Contents Page 1. Introduction 1.1. Objective of the Study. 6 1.2. General Objective 6 1.3. Project Objective. 6 2. Literature Review 2.1 Significance of Study.. 6 2.2 Scope of Study.. 7 3. Methodology 3.1 Research Design 8 3.2 Type of Research 8 3.3 Research Approach. 9 3.3 Research Strategy 9 3.4 Identification of the Sample Population. 10 3.5 Sample Technique and Sample Size.. 10 4. Findings and Analysis 4.1 Classification of Data.. 10 4.2 Data Collection Method10 4.3 Data Analysis.11 4.4 Limitation of Study.. 11 5. RHB Bank and Credit Card Services 5.1 An Overview of Banking Sector in Malaysia 12 5.2 Company Description - RHB14 - 20 5.3 Strategic Plan and Focus.. 21 5.4 Core Competitiveness. 22-25 5.5 Product Market Focus 26 - 31 5.6 Marketing and Product Objectives 5.7 Marketing Program..31 5.7.1 Product Strategy 31 5.7.2 Pricing Strategy.. 33" 5.7.3 Promotion Strategy..34-36 5.7.4 Distribution Strategy. 37& 5.8 Financial Data and Projection 5.8.1 Past Projection 39-41... 2.1 Significance of the Study: I have referred to several journals and books to retrieve information about the international banking system. The performance and financial standing of RHB Bank has been borrowed from different banking reports, and the annual reports of the financial institute itself. The credit card banking system has been thoroughly reviewed and explained, and opinion of several Asian economists have been consolidated to develop firm understanding of the importance and advantages of banking through credit card. The article has hinted at evolution of modernized banking system, and it is hoped that RHB Bank shall be among leading institutes to take an initiative to modernize the banking system. At present, RHB Bank is operating in the country with huge number of credit cards holders. But the current trend of the credit card indicates a rising rivalry among the different competitor in the industry. Hence, a good number of RHB Bank card holders are not continuing with the bank but switching to its competitors mainly because of better facilities such as more credit limit, less fees and charges etc. This might not cause a great deal of losing profit of the RHB Bank however it is a matter of bank reputation. To have an insight from the practical credit cardholders of RHB Bank. At the same time, emphasize on the different existing product and services offered by the bank for their valuable cardholders. Therefore, this study tries to give some suggestion of new product introduction.

Gandhi Teachings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gandhi Teachings - Essay Example This law is the basis of many arguments proposed by supporters of this separation and opponents alike. The heated debate arose out of differing interpretation of the law. Some people have argued that religion is an inherent part of the constitution. As a result, eliminating it completely from the state would be a direct contradiction. Therefore modern societies can still integrate Satyagraha without necessarily possessing a world view. For instance, there are large parts of the state's proceedings that still go on after acknowledging the presence of God and these practices indicate Satyagraha. Most legislative meetings proceed after prayer and the state currency refers to the word 'God'. Additionally, states can still practice Satyagraha by letting members of the population practice their religious beliefs in public but they need not make this a rule for all members of the public. By doing this, the State will still be respecting its citizens' religions without necessarily restricting it. It is also possible to practice Satyagraha today by allowing specific members of the population a chance to recite the oath of allegiance despite the fact that it mentions the word God. However, the State may not necessarily have to make this recital a mandatory requirement in schools. The government of today needs to allow its people the right to practi... As long as no single person is required to engage in a particular religion while condemning another, than religious practices should be allowed in public. In fact, some people argue that when modern governments completely eliminate any form of religious symbol or expression in the public, then what they are really saying is that the beliefs held by atheists are more important than those held by other religions. Consequently, the government should allow fair representation of these issues given the fact that all people within the state have the right to practice their religion. (Lovett, 2007) Benefits, limitations and problems of applying Gandhi's Satyagraha in secular society today Gandhi was an outstanding leader during his time because of the fact that he had an ability to apply foundational religious teachings in the political and social context of his time. He had understood the underlying truths behind most religions and believed that they were instrumental to prevailing social and political environments. Gandhi believed that there was no way one could separate the state and the religion because the law was founded upon religion. In relation to this, the Indian leader asserted that religion assisted man to understand his place in the world. Additionally, he believed that religion is the foundation for understanding reality in the world today. Some of the issues that Gandhi submitted can be applied in the secular environment. Christianity can make its contribution to political life by providing a basis for understanding the relationship between man and his environment. Additionally, the same can be said about Hinduism and Islam with regard to the latter mentioned issue. Modern society can apply the same aspects into political life and reap their

What Is Geographic Profiling?

What Is Geographic Profiling? Crime is not randomly distributed and offenses are more likely to occur in certain places and at certain times. The apprehension process can be significantly accelerated if geographic profiling is used to organize an abundance of information via geographical links (Ramsland n.d.). This technique is an effective tool in ascertaining a suspects residence and/or place of employment because it is conducted in a scientific manner on the basis of well-established psychological principles (Sammons n.d.). The geographical patterns in data can be analyzed using the following principle elements: mobility, mental maps, locality demographics and distance (nij.gov 2006). A geographical analysis highlights the crime location, any physical boundaries that were present (that might not otherwise be noticed), and the types of roads and highways that come into both the abduction and body dump sites. Hypotheses are developed which can be tested against evidence and modified or rejected as the evidence dictates. (Sammons n.d.) Objective measurements are frequently used as a component of geographic profiling in order to pinpoint precisely the locus of criminal activity. (Sammons n.d.) One of the methods used to obtained predictions is a geographic profiling system. The area most likely to contain the offenders home is computed by the system using algorithms and indicated in the probability surfaces. The probability of an offender residing at a particular location generally decreases with increasing distance from an offense, so these algorithms are referred to as distance decay functions (Bennell, Corey Keyton 2007). According to the available research the accuracy of geographic profiling systems reduces the overall area that police have to search by up to 90% (Bennell, Corey Keyton 2007). This method can assist police through the use of the most effective tools to target crime prevention resources in the appropriate areas. When we understand the link between offenses and location it is beneficial in our understanding of why certain locations attract more crime than others. Investigative efforts can be targeted when we are able to predict characteristics of the offender(s) responsible for a series of crimes. The use of geographic profiling also facilitates in law enforcements ability to prioritize suspects by an individuals most likely place of residence, their knowledge of a particular area and to determine which offenses are linked and which are not, so that they can determine whether or not a certain crime may have been carried out by the same offender(s) (Sam mons n.d.). GIS capability, database management, powerful visualization tools and analytic engine are incorporated together and compose what is known as computerized geographic profiling (Harris 1999). The use of geographic profiling can be deployed through a number of investigative strategies. Some examples may include: department of motor vehicle searches, mass DNA screening prioritization, canvasses and searches, zip code prioritization, information request mailouts, patrol saturation and surveillance, address-based searches of police record systems and suspect and tip prioritization (Harris 1999). In order for computerized geographic profiling to be most effective crime locations should first be broken down by type such as: body dump sites for a murder, victim encounter or murder. Each of these crime locations should be entered into the system by latitude/longitude, digitization or by entering the address (Harris 1999). Scenarios are created and weighted based on crime locations and the use of theoretical and methodological principles (Harris 1999). A probability chart known as a z-score histogram is created from the suspect addressed and is evaluated according to their hit percentage on the chart Mental Maps A mental map, is a cognitive image of ones surroundings that is developed through experiences, travel routes, reference points and centers of activity. This is another significant factor in geographical profiling. (nij.gov 2006) Each person has their own mental map that contains the places he or she feels safe and takes for granted regardless of offender status. These mental maps do not accurately represent reality, but rather the perspective and experience of the individual. (Sammons n.d.) An offenders mental map can be reconstructed and interpreted with the assistance of the familiarity of the location in relation to his or her awareness of space (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007). Inferences about a criminal can be made about them by reviewing the distribution of their offenses since they were likely influenced by that individuals mental map of an area (Sammons n.d.) Crime site selection is influenced by these mental maps as the offender must first be aware of the site befo re a target can be victimized. (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007). Many times an offenders mental map will change as he becomes more confident which in turn will increase his range of criminal activity. A criminal may be either geographically stable or transient or may start as geographically stable and become transient with time and number of criminal acts. (nij.gov 2006) An offender is influenced by several factors which determine his tendency toward stability or mobility such as: their experience with travel, means for getting places, sense of personal security, and predatory motivations. (nij.gov 2006) Routine Activity Theory and Circle Theory Routine Activity Theory otherwise known as RAT is another approach that is taken into consideration by geographical profiling. Three circumstances must coincide according to the RAT principle: a motivated offender, a suitable victim and the absence of a capable guardian (Sammons n.d.). RAT assumes that in any area there are a certain number of people motivated to commit crime (Sammons n.d.) This theory sees offenses as just another activity that a person might do on a regular basis without any attempt to explain the reason why. Another belief of this theory is that the routine activity of victims is important because people tend to stick with familiar territory. Clues about where an offender lives can be provided by an analysis of all the crime scenes (Ramsland n.d.). There is a difference between perceived distance and actual distance and certain components influence how this disparity can affect the commission of a crime. The perception of distance varies from one person to the nex t and can be influenced by any of the following: familiarity with a specific region, types of roads, availability of transportation and number of barriers such as bridges or state boundaries (nij.gov 2006) Since most peoples activities are confined to a few fairly limited area where they work, where they live, where they socialize a persons offenses will be limited in that same geographical area according to RAT (Sammons n.d.). A successful example of geographical profiling using RAT involves a computerized system called Dragnet. The location of the offenses allows Dragnet to predict where an offender is likely to lived based on that information. Dragnet created a map that suggested probabilities that the offender responsible was based in different regions according to the information it received on a number of linked rapes in Las Vegas. The focus of the investigation was able to be narrowed to a single apartment block as a result of the investigating officers knowledge of the local area and the offender in turn was subsequently arrested (Sammons n.d.). Canter and Larkin (1193) came up with the circle theory of environmental range which proposed that the majority of the time, if a circle is drawn that encompasses all of a series of linked crimes, the offender will be based somewhere within the circle. (Sammons n.d.) There is a fair amount of support for this view. Godwin and Canter (1997) found that 85 per cent of the offenders they studied lived inside the circle encompassing their offenses (Sammons n.d.). Serial rapes and arson attacks in Australia were reviewed by Koscis and Irwin (1997) which confirmed the circle theory. The only exception appeared to be burglary since burglars only lived in the circle defined by the offenses about half the time. A review the offense locations of 53 serial murderers in Germany was conducted by Snook et al (2005).The results of his study discovered that the killer lived within six miles of where the bodies were found in 63% of the cases. Younger offenders travel shorter distances and killers with higher IQ travel further. Information about the dispersal of offenses may indicate some general characteristics of the offender responsible because it has been found that experience and intelligence influence killers attempts to disguise their crimes (Sammons n.d.) Importance of Geographic Profiling and how it can be most effective Geographical profiling has a particular importance in the United States because there are many different law enforcement agencies which share little data between them, so this method enables a connection between crimes to be established that might not have otherwise been linked (Sammons n.d.). In order to construct an accurate geographical profile all of the following elements need to be included in the assessment: computerized analysis, study of area maps, analysis of neighborhood demographics for both the abduction site and body dump site, examination of the crime scenes, complete familiarity with the case file and interviews with investigators and witnesses. (Ramsland n.d.) In order for geographical profiling to be effective the following should be taken into consideration: it requires accurate data on the offenses that have been committed in an area, police data on crime is likely underreported, so the data used to generate the crime maps is likely to be incomplete as a result, s ince police will have a vast amount of data available it may be difficult for them to determine what should be left out when they attempt to construct a crime map and additional problems can arise from inconsistencies in how the locations of the crimes may be recorded by the police (Sammonds n.d.). Information about five or more crime locations needs to be available in order for geographic profilers to be most effective according to a 2005 study conducted by Rossmo (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). He also claimed that as additional crime locations were incorporated into the prediction that there would be an even further increase in accuracy. (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). This assumption is not supported by the analysis of CrimeStats performance across maps with varying numbers of crimes. Participant performance is shown to increase from three to five crimes, but the increase vanishes when making predictions from seven crimes according to the findings in this study (Be nnell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). . A localized improvement in performance was found with five crime locations, but it is not evidence of a large positive correlation between the number of crime locations and predictive accuracy. Accuracy does not increase as more crime locations are added to the information used to make a prediction (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). Generalizability When a crime occurs in a specific location, the area surrounding that location may experience an increased risk of a similar crime occurring for a distinct period of time which is known as a near repeat phenomenon. Trends in spatiotemporal proximity which involve both space and time are referred to as near repeat crimes (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). A rival explanation for the observation of near repeat crime is spree crime which is a pattern characterized by high frequency of criminal activity involving the same offender across a short time span such as hours or days. This phenomenon can be generalized across multiple crime types and effect various temporal bands on near repeat pattern. The temporal dimension of near repeat crime may vary across different types of offenses (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). The majority of crime types have a component of repeat victimization except for manslaughter or murder. A disproportionate amount of crime has been shown by research to occur in specific geographic areas known as hot spots. These areas have a higher than average risk of victimization and vary in size, but are typically blocks or street segments. The identification of hot spots allows law enforcement to understand where crimes are most likely to take place, so they can more effectively target its resources. (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). Repeat victimization is different than hot spots which include multiple targets and crime types and they are not concentrated in a specific amount of time even if they are concentrated in space. An overall consensus was found that homes that are burglarized have a higher likelihood of being burglarized again in the future. In the month following an original burglary Johnson et al. (1997) found the risk of re-victimization to be elevated. Another study conducted by Morgan (2001) also found that re-victimization was most likely to occur in the month following a burglary, however the data reflected that areas of higher ov erall burglary rates had more stability in their likelihood of repeat victimization (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). A near repeat pattern for burglaries that extended at least 200m for two weeks existed in all of the study locations examined by Johnson et al (2007). This was the result in all ten areas within the five counties despite the fact that the patterns differed in the geographic areas. A pattern of increased risk of victimization in the surrounding area of a residence after a burglary was discovered by Morgan. Morgan referred to these incidents as near repeats. In the week following a burglary the homes in the surrounding area were particularly at an increased risk of burglary (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). They also determined that affluent areas as opposed to deprived areas appeared to reflect more evident space-time clustering. Townsley et al. (2003) found that there was an increase in burglary incidents within 200 m (approximately 650 feet) and 2 months of an origi nal burglary. Similarly, Johnson and Bowers (2004) found increased risk of burglaries for dwellings within 400 feet of a previously burgled home for 1 to 2 months following the incident, especially on the same side of the road (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). The overall burglary rate can be reduced by 25% if repeat victimization can be prevented and is also a highly important crime reduction strategy. A similar result to burglary was found when Johnson et al. (2009) looked at the spatiotemporal relationship of theft from motor vehicles. Over a two week period evidence of near repeat crimes was found occurring within 800m of the original incident. Ratcliffe and Rengert (2008) analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions of shooting incidents in Philadelphia to explore the near repeat phenomenon for traditional violent crime (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). The analysis for this crime type was partially guided by the theoretical information provided by Ratcliffe and Rengert. Thi s study discovered there is a significantly increased likelihood of another shooting within one block of the initial shooting for two weeks after the incident. It cannot be determined whether a near repeat pattern for shooting is common to all geographic areas or whether characteristics specific to the study location influenced the pattern since this was the first study to examine shootings (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). A global near repeat phenomenon for shootings may exist if the Philadelphia pattern is exhibited in different geographical areas, but if they did not find similar results then individual locations would need to identify their own unique near repeat patterns if they existed at all. The near repeat pattern for auto theft spans a greater spatial distance than the other crimes which is likely attributed to the goal of stealing specific vehicles, but patterns of offending will vary according to motivation. Any near repeat pattern for robbery occurs with small spatial and temporal bands and exhibits a small, doughnut like spatial pattern as a result of the spontaneity of robbery (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). Prior research has shown robbery to cluster temporally within 1 to 2 days, and spatially, close to the original incident, but not within the immediate 500m (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). The spatial similarity of near repeat patterns for robbery and auto theft regardless of crime type illustrates that offenders committing different crimes may still share a comparable decision making process. Offenders may still work within distinct reference areas regardless of crime type which is the basis for geographic profiling and offender identification through circle theory. Repeat offenders select their targets in familiar areas that tend to be closer to the offenders residence (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). The result is that geographic patterns can be found in crimes that are linked to the same perpetrator, which can then be used to identi fy the probable location of the offenders residence. Patterns in both near repeat crimes and spree offending can likely be attributed to the same offender. Bowers and Johnson (2004) found that near repeat burglaries exhibited the same modus operandi as the original crimes, indicating that near repeat burglaries were likely being committed by the same offenders or groups of offenders. Bernasco (2008) found that same-offender involvement is directly tied to spatial and temporal distances between burglaries. Additionally, Johnson et al. (2009) found that crimes occurring closest to one another in space and time were most likely to be attributed to the same offender (Cook, Nobles Ward et al. 2011). A successful first offense increases the likelihood of repeat offending in the general area although the same exact location may not be re-victimized. Residential Proximity Research has consistently shown that the number of criminal offenses that an offender commits decreases as distance from an offenders residence increases with the exception of violent and/or sex offenders (Donnay, Duwe Tewksbury 2008). The determination of offense location was influenced more by characteristics of events and relationships rather than characteristics of victims and opportunities (Donnay, Duwe Tewksbury 2008).Offenses occured an average of more than three miles from offenders homes according to data from five hundred sixty five rapes committed by serial rapists. Of this same population 86% marauded outward into an area of an average of 180 square miles rather than offending against victims that lived nearby (Donnay, Duwe Tewksbury 2008). In New Zealand, serial sexual assault offenders committed their offenses an average of 3 kilometers (1.86 miles) away from their residences. For other types of violent crime, Groff and McEwen (2006) reported that homicide offenders committed the offense, on average, 0.69 miles from their homes. In addition, Tita and Griffiths (2005) showed that across 9 years of homicides in Pittsburgh, homicide offenders rarely killed in their own neighborhoods (Donnay, Duwe Tewksbury 2008).When offenders commit their crimes it is likely to result in different spatial patterns because factors related to opportunity and risk will vary even if motivational level across offender types is constant. Since the targets of serial burglars are immobile they will exhibit more commuting behavior than serial murderers (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). A burglar can travel into the same area to commit more crimes in the future because while the crime is being committed he or she can locate potential targets through the observation of other residences in the area. While serial murderers may observe other targets while offending it is not very likely that these potential victims will remain in this same place for long (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). Another factor that will determine whether an individual will exhibit commuting behavior is the level of perceived risk associated with committing crimes in the same geographic area (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). Serial burglars would not be dissuaded from repeatedly commuting into the same area to commit their crimes because they are largely unaffected by the risks associated with committing multiple offenses in close proximity to one another (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). Serial murderers would typically have to exhibit marauding behavior to avoid detection. As a result of the attention their crimes receive they would not be able to display the same behavior as the serial burglars (Bennell, Corey Keyton, et al. 2007). Rational Choice Approach There is a relationship between the behavioral and geographic aspect of criminal behavior referred to as the rational choice approach. This approach recognizes that the offenders behaviors are dependent on environmental cues associated with the criminal event like: nature (indoor vs. outdoor locations) and familiarity with the offense location (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007).Target selection is highly dependent on the physical environment and there is a pattern in both spatial and temporal distribution of offenders and victims. As a result of the connection between the types of location and the types of strategy exhibited by an offender means that offender strategies might be triggered by the types of location at which the offender and victim met (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007).One study conducted by Ouimet and Proulx (1994) reflects the correlates of spatial behavior in violent crimes by showing that a majority of child molesters offended in or near their residen ces. There are several advantages to an offenders home over competing locations which make it the best possible location to commit an offense (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007).One of these advantages may be facilitating the security children might feel which might make them more willing to participate in sexual contact. There is an association between interactional, transactional and adaptive nature of human behavior. The level of violence of the crime is positively associated with the distance traveled by the offender from his home to the target. (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007).The offender has to adapt his crime strategies and use the appropriate approach method for the situation. Information processing and decision making occurs through experience whether or not a person is a criminal. For example, child molesters may have to travel farther if they are not able to find a suitable victim near their homes. It will become harder for the offender to convince a child take a car trip with a stranger and get him or her to return to the offenders home the farther he has to travel (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007). Geographic profiling must take into account the linkage between location types and both offender victim search methods and attack methods. Hunting patterns may be helpful to determine which crime locations are the best predictors of an offenders anchor point (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007). The relationship between offending and geographic behavior may serve as the basis for integrated criminal-geographic profiling as unique investigative strategy (Allaire, Beauregard, Leclerc et al 2007). CONCLUSION Geographic profiling determines the most probable area that an offender lives through the use of an investigative methodology that reviews the locations of a connected series of crimes. This methodology is based on a model that describes the hunting behavior of the offender. It is generally applied in cases of serial murder, rape, arson, robbery and/or bombing cases, but may also be implemented in single crimes that involve multiple scenes or other significant geographic characteristics (Harris 1999). Geographical profiling is an attempt to make predictions about an offender based on information obtained from the crime scene such as the location and timing of the offense (Sammons n.d.). People in general take more short trips than long trips in their daily lives according to the distance decay concept, so offenders are more likely to live close to the sites of their crimes than far away (Harris 1999). Geographic profiling is essential in that it refocuses the scope of the case from t he whole metropolitan area to a small area of the community which in turn substantially reduces the amount of time and resources required to conduct the investigation. (Ramsland n.d.) Geographic profiling provides a means for managing the large volume of information generated in major crime investigations and should be regarded as one of several powerful decision support tools available to the detective. It is best employed in conjunction with other police methods and does not in itself solve cases. When properly decoded geographic crime patterns are clues that can be used to point the detective in the direction of the offender (Harris 1999).